Soroca Fortress

Soroca Fortress is a fortress Moldovan XV century, founded by Stephen the Great, before Vadului over river, instead of the old fortresses Genova, Alciona. The fortress was later rebuilt by Petru Rares, who rebuilt the walls in stone.
On 14 September 1499, Stefan cel Mare conclude a treaty of mutual help with the great cause of Lithuania Alexander, where as in the previous document referred pan Coste, starosti of Soroca.

Several sources mentioned historical castles raising the river to vaduri, wood or stone, in which the seat sits higher pârcălabi and masters Hotin, Soroca, Orhei, Tighina and White Fortress. It is assumed that the Soroca was erected a fortress of wood and earth, a jig or even Posada in the first quarter of XV century, but the first documentary mention on 12 July 1499 by her first pârcălab Coste.

Due to geological relief that it crosses, Nistrul presented before payment was steep sides and crossing vadurile are quite small, and these are the only entry gates cete Tartars purposes of robbery and destruction of settlements Moldovan. If vadurile from Tighina Hotin and were defended by garnizoanele fortresses of the same name, but at the Soroca was without protection. Only during the reign of Stephen the Great, and Vadul settlement to begin construction here defended by a wooden fortifications, surrounded by waves of the earth, which have to exist and the time of Bogdan the Blind.

During the reign of Petru Rares, the remaining old fortress is a fortress built new stone, 15-20 m., which is now kept in exceptional condition. Soroca Fortress is unique among medieval castles Moldovan system architectural construction. His plan has a circular diameter of 37.5 m., four towers and a circular tower access rectangular plan.

Fortress White

Fortress White (in Ukrainian Білгород-Дністровський / Bilhorod-Dnistrovschi) is a city district namesake of the historic Bugeac in Ukraine today (Odessa region). During Burebista, the fortress was called Tyras and kept the Dacian kingdom's Burebista. The fortress was under the sovereignty of Moldovans between 1392 and 1484, when Stefan cel Mare lost fortress, which was conquered by the Turks.The town became part of the Kingdom of Romania between 1918 and 1940.

• The history of the city beginning in the V th century BC when Greek sailors from Miletia created here colony called Niconia.
• During the time of Herodotus, the city was called Tyras, was inhabited by people of Thira, which was defeated by daci around 300 BC
• In the century of the second century BC Greek city becomes a colony, principlala occupation is the trade in the area.
• When the Romans conquered Dacia, the city named Alba Iulia and used it to trade with Sciţia.
• Invasion hunilor in 375 ravaged the Roman colony, but the town revived at 545 under 'anzi', named Turris.
• Genovezii îl numesc Moncastro , dar e cunoscut şi ca Asprokastron . Genovezii call Moncastro, but is known as Asprokastron.
• In 1407 under the Good Alexander called the Moldovan Fortress White is Moldova. It is recast by Stephen II in 1440.
• In 1451 Alexandru Voda reconquer the city, and Stefan cel Mare in 1481 and renewed increases fortress. Turks conquer the city in 1484 and it stăpînesc until 1812 when it took delivery of Russian Empire.
• In 1940, the city is occupied by the Soviet Union, was awarded the Ukrainian RSS, between August 7 and December 1 the city is residing Region Akkerman.
• In 1941 the city is reoccupy the Romanian troops, following the entry of Romania in the Second World War.
• In 1944 the city goes back into the composition of the Soviet Union
• In 1991, following destrămării the Soviet Union, the city became part of Ukraine independent.

the tighina fortless

Medieval fortress built near see a crossing of the Dniester Moldovan rulers, Tighina was occupied in 1538 by Sultan Soliman the greatless in his expedition against Petru Rares, and transformed in the Turkish raia, along with the surrounding villages.
Then extended during Ottoman stapanirii (fortului old form back then - the year 1541) and Russo-Turkish wars (inside high), remained one of the best preserved medieval castles of Moldova.
Today, unfortunately, can not be visited because there was Canton, in an abusive, Army 14-a Russian, the only army that Russia has not withdrawn it yet in Europe. The army maintains a 14-by force of arms in the region, terrorism, and supports separatist communist dictatorial regime of Tiraspol.
Tighina was part of the great defensive system and binechibzuitul Moldova medieval times being one of the most powerful fortresses.

one part of researchers assume that its history since the first century and by the Xll century Genoese merchants some based here would be a factor, a trade exchange with foreign countries.

However this hypothesis can not be verified and argued so long, but still very good reasons are not known săpăturile arheologice possible and therefore no depth research, which would make the light in these pages in the history of our country.

Customs node on the bank of the Dniester is confirmed for the first time in a normal period, a gramota in 1408, on Prince Alexandru cel Bun Liov of some merchants, who provide some trade privileges.

As a city of Tighina border developed during the reign of Stephen the Great and Peter Rares, and at the end of the century XIV - XV century, the place was before the customs, the city was founded with the same name.

In 1538 Peter Rares, worthy successors of parent-voivode rise against the Ottoman Gate refusal to pay annually tribute.

Fortress of Suceava

The fortress was mentioned documentary for the first time on 10 February 1388, was built during the reign of Peter I Musat (1375 - 1391). Initial construction plan is rectangular, with the southern side of 36 m and the east of about 40 m. defensive towers, shaped square is situated in the middle and end of each laturi.Stefan Restore the Great rooms inside and add the enclosure wall, the wall was built in two phases, respectively in the first stage (before the year 1476) it builds a wall of 1.5 m wide, reinforced with square towers, and the second stage (before anul1497) is first added to a second wall, 2 m wide, square towers circulare.Santul becoming defensive, expanded much goes on three sides-east, south, west, north side of being a promontoriu.In were inside rooms for soldiers, and rooms for reigning family, a chapel, warehouses and food munitii.Fortless a Seat was subjected to a strong bilding during the reign of Stefan cel Mare (1476,1485,1497) can not be cucerita.In year 1538, the boyars treason enables them to conquer otomani.In during the second dominate of Alexandru Lapusneanu (1564 - 1568) from disposal Turks Seat Fortress is burned, the capital was moved to end Iasi.La sec.al XVI's residence castle becomes Aron Voda (1592 - 1595) and Ştefan Răzvan (1595), Mike's allies Brave or voivodes family Movila.O Age brilliance last known fortress in time of Vasile Lupu, who will take major restoration works, but the siege since 1653, when the new ruler, Gheorghe Stefan, attacking the fortress where they were family and Vasile Lupu wealth, put an end to this era of ephemeral sunshine.In year 1675, the Ottoman order Gate, voivode Dumitrascu Cantacuzino do the destruction of the fortless.many years later, at the end of the third of Mr. Duca Voda, an earthquake will break the north side and will destroy the walls that keep it in legs.The things restoration attempts to restore the fortress of brilliance once.
The system of fortifications built in Moldova at the end of the nineteenth century LXIX, as soon as the danger Ottoman, included, for defense and succor earth wood arranged around settlements, fortified points in the center of towns on the main thoroughfares or they link between them (the defense and mănăstireşti domneşti courts and castles of strategic importance, to be located abroad, on the Dniester, either internally in the area close, sub-Carpathian). These draft, the Fortress of Suceava, one of the best known until now, has enjoyed great fame in time. Identifying with military glory and the ideal of independence, the Fortress of Suceava has a history not only rich in events and facts of the fight, but was often the main element of resistance against the whole Moldove those wishing to submit .

Today, the complex architecture Seat Fortress, voivodal resident of Moldova, suggests visitors Sucevei medieval life image.

Fortress Neamţ

Fortress Neamţ (known under the name improperly Neamţului Fortress), is a medieval fortress in Moldova, located near the town of Targu Neamt.

Raised during Peter I of Moldavia, the fortress known flourishing during the period of Stephen the Great, which is in the defensive fortress which had the role as defense Moldova.

One of the best-known moments of glory of the Fortress Neamţ is in 1691 when he resisted to the Polish-led military attacks by John Sobieski. The battle between the Romanian and Polish has been described in the narrative "Sobieski and Romanians" written by Costache Negruzzi and was ecranizată in 1914 by Leon Popescu, directed by Emil Garleanu.

The Siege of Cetatea Neamţului in 1476 was an important event in the history of Moldavia.

Cetatea Neamţului was a fortress rumored to have been built, in the thirteenth century by the Teutonic Knights, in defence against Tatar incursions.

In 1476, after defeating the Moldavian armies in the Battle of Valea Albă, the Ottoman Empire Sultan Mehmet II forced the Moldavian voivode Ştefan cel Mare to retreat to Cetatea Neamţului. However, as legend says, his mother refused to let him enter the stronghold, and instead advised him to go north into what is now Bukovina and gather a new army. While Ştefan was in Bukovina gathering more forces, Mehmet II laid siege to Cetatea Neamţului. He positioned his cannons on a nearby hill, and began bombarding the stronghold, causing much damage. The Moldavian garrison was at the point of surrender, when a German prisoner held in the dungeons had the idea of using the cannons against the Ottoman position on the hill. His idea was put into practice, and soon the camp of the Turks was being bombarded, forcing Mehmet II to leave the area. The event is recorded by the late Moldavian chronicle of Ion Neculce.

The Statue of Stefan Cel Mare

Equestrian statue of Stefan cel Mare in Iasi is a bronze monument dedicated moldovean ruler Stephen the Great (1457-1504), which was conducted by French sculptor Emmanuel Frémiet and inaugurated in 1883 in the city of Iasi.
Initially, the monument is located in the Administrative Palace in Iasi, and currently before the Palace of Culture that was built after the demolition of the old palace.
The idea to raise a statue Iaşi a great voivode dates of Moldova since 1856, the desire caimacamului Theodor Balş to oppose Unification principalities. He hoped that the exacerbation of nationalism local Moldovan principality, create from Stefan cel Mare a symbol of power which would be demonstrated by the futility Unification Wallachia.
To this end, he appointed a panel of the backrest Mihai Cantacuzino, postelnicul Gheorghe Asachi and postelnicul Nicolae Istrate, who began a campaign fundraising. Gheorghe Asachi was the one who sketched portrait great voivode, based on descriptions of Stefan cel Mare made by Gregory Ureche Letopiseţul in Moldova and after painting of Stephen the Great Church of Bădeuţi (church built by Stephen the Great and demolată by Austro-Hungary in World War I).
According to the original outlines, the result voivode with a beard, of medium stature. Asachi's why the error was due to the fact that the paintings of Stephen the Great, even painted during his life, were the monasteries of Bucovina, which entered the province in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Dr. Adriana Ioniuc, scientific director of the Moldova National Museum Complex of Iasi states that: "Stephen's beard appeared after restoring the original painting from the Church Badea, painters of the XIX century and adding voievodului beard, it was fashionable in those times "[1].
With the death caimacamului Theodor Balş in 1857 were the work of the system and making the statue. Abia în anul 1871, când la Mănăstirea Putna se sărbătoreau 370 de ani de la moartea domnitorului Moldovei, s-au reluat discuţiile referitoare la monument. Only in 1871, when the Putna Monastery is celebrating 370 years after the death of Prince of Moldavia, have resumed talks on the monument.
After the War of Independence, has opened a list of the public at the initiative of a national group patrioţi de inimi Vasile Alecsandri Nicolae Gane, Jacob, Negruzzi Pastia Scarlat, Alexander Stamatopol. They collected 135,000 francs, and in 1879 before ordering French sculptor Emmanuel Frémiet (1824-1910), an artist in high fashion in Paris that time.
Documentation submitted sculptor is run postelnicul Gheorghe Asachi, French artist from carrying the statue in his studio in Rue L'Université, Paris. On 16 September 1882, after raising foundations, was seated in the middle soclului a commemorative act in recognition for moldovean famous ruler. The statue was finally exposed and the National Sculpture Fair in France in 1882.
the ceremony held on June 5 1883, in the presence of King Carol I and was memorable. Under a canopy of red velvet curtains and blue satin, was made the throne of Stephen the Great dug into the rock, found in the village Vânători-Neamt (Neamt County), under the feet of the Fortress Neamţului.
The statue has a height of 4.5 meters and is made of bronze, the ruler is depicted with a beard and a crown on his head Catholic. No never a model of authentic Crown Moldova, French sculptor for the statue from a model Iaşi crown Catholic, this was a serious contradictions and a legend.
Piedestalulul statue is made of pink marble from Carrara. On the sides of piedestalului are two altoreliefuri bronze, representing the fight Codrii Cosminului - 1497 (at left) and the Fight Podu High - 1475 (at right).
The statue is flanked by two cannons "Krupp", given by the King Carol I of Romania.Cannons were trophies of War of Independence, conquered by the Regiment of Dorobanţi Copou (who fought in that war).
Originally the statue was surrounded by an iron fence, which was subsequently removed by widening the market.
Currently, there are views which accredits the idea that the soil on which the statue is built is unstable and that the movement should be restricted in the area.

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